martes, 7 de julio de 2015
Synchronized
The core of our cities are composed by the old, antique, long lasting buildings which were built decades ago and are still of great importance to our culture and knowledge.
Old Town and Cathedral in Burgos.
"The tremendous antithesis between the modern and the ancient world is the outcome of all those things tha exist now and did not exist then. Elements have entered into out life of whose very possibility the ancients did not even dream. Material possibilities and attitudes of mind have come into being that have had a thousand repercussions, first and foremost of which the creation of a new ideal of beauty... We have lost the sense of the monumental, of the heavy, of the static; we have enriched out sensibility by a 'taste for the light, the practical,'...We feel we are no longer the men of the cathedrals, the palaces, the assembly halls; but of big hotels, railway stations, immense roads, colossal ports, covered markets..." - Marinetti and Cinti
Due to the Industralization and the multiple innovative techniques, construction has become easier, faster, and more approachable. Hence, many architects - both of other Centuries and modern ones- have started designing concrete, iron and glass buildings, which are trascending, modern and outstanding.
Leonardo Glass Cube in Bad Driburg, Germany designed by 3Deluxe.
These buildings are implemented in the same city where old buildings have been standing for decades now, and for many poeple, this is a topic of debate. This issue has been looked at from many angles; one should survive, the other should be eradicated, or there has to exist some sort of coexistance between the two. Each architect has his/her opinion.
Some people consider that there is no need for old buildings, that they should be replaced by new, more modernized buildings.
Futurists have quite a strong opinion on this matter.
(Flash by Pablo Llamazares)
Click to view.
Others say old buildings reflect the history of each city, and to destroy them means to damage everything that our ancestors tried to preserve for us.
The text “Modern Superpositions. The Dilemma of “Building on the Built”” Francisco de Gracia states the three different views on this issue.
The first one would be to keep it traditional. As in the new architecture continuing the role of classical construction.
The second one is opposed to the first. Modern buildings should shadow historical ones.
Last but not least, he explains the architecture in which the new is engulfed by the old, but still visible and present.
COEXIST
What if there was a cohesion of both, what if both architectures could coexist without bullying one another?
This point reinforces, the third 'rule' by Francisco de Garcia. If both styles of architecture could be thoroughly though out, an agreement could be reached. There still would be contemporary buildings as well as modern designs. Harmony in architecture could be accomplished.
Now a days one of the most trending concepts is not building according to old or new, but towards comfortable, reasonable, stylistic designs.
For this reason many architects are applying this technique where they try to improve the
conditions and the appearance but without exuberantly making it stand out. They find the
healthy balance between modernity and antiquity.
An example for this would be : Haus im Haus - Renovation of Hamburg's Historic Chamber of Commerce.
Benisch Architecten won 1st prize in an architecture competition to design a renovation for the historic Handelskamer, which serves as Hamburg's Chamber of Commerce.
Progreso arquitectonico
El progreso arquitectónico es un sinónimo de la evolución, en la arquitectura. Es un paso constante hacia adelante. Dependiendo de cada arquitecto el progreso arquitectónico es distinto. Para Adolf Loos entre otros es la eliminación de la ornamentación, que a la vez es el uso de los nuevos materiales (hormigón armado),nuevas técnicas (Le Corbusier), la eliminación de lo clásico, de la ornamentación (Barroco, Rococo,etc...). Menos es más. Es una de las características que hace que la arquitectura cambie, aprenda del pasado, progrese.
La ornamentación ha sido eliminada porque el progreso arquitectónico, se basa en la función, la arquitectura ha de ser funcional, se considera que la ornamentación no es funcional. El flash de Elisa lo representa muy bien.
El progreso/evolución de la arquitectura se ha ido viendo claramente al largo de los años.
domingo, 5 de julio de 2015
Industrialization
In the 19th
century there was already very present the idea of the industrial production in
the near future. The increasing society would need to be supplied with products
and houses, which can be accomplished with industrialization: mass producing.
When it comes to architecture modern architects were aware of this idea and
interested on how to achieve it, since it wasn’t as simple as with smaller
objects. They also
realized that industrialization also meant incorporating more finished
construction elements but less artisanal work. In the 1950
industrialized elements and techniques started to be incorporated speaking of
realm of architecture, first openings and then prefabricated products which
became part of the system.
Le Corbusier: Ozenfant’s Workshop, Paris, 1922
The saw
tooth roof is a solution from the industrial world.
Ernst May: Siedlung Paunheim, Frankfurt, 1926-29
Communist architect sets up a system
of industrialization of construction: precast-concrete panel that allows building
the walls fast and saving money.
Unité d’Habitation,
Marseille, 1947-52
Le Corbusier proposed the reconstruction of Europe by means of
his Unité d’Habitation, a collective
housing solution base on 18-sotrey
slab block for about 1600 inhabitants
which would locate on parkland in suburban
areas. The impelling idea was to build a reinforced concrete
rigid frame and after this, he wanted to incorporate the prefabricated housing
units. The housing unit consists of a duplex
apartment with access through a central corridor. Le Corbusier introduces the concept of dry construction, that is to say, the fast
assembly of a house without using wet techniques such as brickwork or the
application of plaster. He also wanted to standardize
all the sizes of the Unité d’Habitattion to be able to repeat them
industrially.
"A house is a machine for living in", Le Corbusier
La Cittá
Nuova, Antonio Sant’Elia
This is an example
of futurism architecture, it was the result of machine + industrialization
Molded Fiberglass Chair, Charles and Ray Eames (1948)
The first industrially produced plastic chair presented in the 'Low-Cost Design' competition in 1948'
Etiquetas:
arquitectura en serie,
industrialización,
Le Corbusier
miércoles, 1 de julio de 2015
Espacio
Espacio
"La arquitectura es la voluntad de la época concebida en términos espaciales. " Mies van de Rohe 1923
El cambio en planta i la percepción de esta.
Del espacio funcional al multifuncional.
Algo que caracterizó el movimiento moderno fue el racionalismo, la arquitectura tenía que ser meramente funcional, tenía que responder a ciertas exigencias. Este pensamiento sigue siendo contemporáneo pero nuestras exigencias han cambiado. La ciudades están en continuo cambio, los edificios cambian de uso constantemente, lo que ha creado una nueva percepción del espacio. Como dice en el articulo Love It or List It "Odiamos los pasillos porque reducen la versatilidad tomando cada habitación una sola función ... Odiamos los armarios empotrados porque impiden la reconfiguración espacial y no tienen ruedas ... Amamos el wifi porque permite descontextualizar los usos asignados a los diferentes espacios domésticos, creando nuevos programas híbridos", esto muestra una nueva idea del espacio, el cual no solo cumple una función sino que se adapta a los distintos usos que pueda llegar a tener según el usuario. Los espacios han pasado a ser multifuncionales. Esta es la consecuencia de los adelantos tecnológicos de los últimos años así como de nuestra cultura. En el siglo pasado resultaría imposible pensar que un estudio, habitación, o salón podían compartir o ser el mismo espacio. Un estudio por lo general requería de una buena iluminación y un espacio amplio para tener estanterías y/o armarios, la habitación era un espacio privado, mientras que el salón era un espacio semipúblico donde se estaba la mayor parte del tiempo. Ahora puedes tener una habitación con un sofá cama, un armario y con una mesa y puede funcionar como salón o habitación, y si tienes un ordenador y wifi puede llegar a ser un estudio y posiblemente esta habitación en un futuro tendrá otro uso. Como ejemplo de estos espacios, a veces únicos, y multifuncionales son los pisos "loft" característicos de Manhattan. Seguimos pensando que la arquitectura debe ser funcional pero las exigencias han cambiado y nuestro modo de vivir también, las ciudades cada vez están mas pobladas y los espacios multifuncionales dan respuesta a esta problemática del siglo XXI.
La Forma
Para Le Corbusier las formas primarias le resultaban hermosas porque se pueden apreciarse claramente pero Sant elia tenia otra opinión muy diferente, para él la líneas oblicuas y elípticas eran mas dinámicas y emotivas que las perpendiculares y horizontales. Si miramos los obras de arquitectos en las últimas décadas, como Norman Foster, Zaha Hadid, Calatrava, Oscar Niemeyer e incluso el mismo Le Corbusier, vemos como nos estamos moviendo a una arquitectura en donde la forma general de los edificios a dejado de ser rectilínea a una mas orgánica, curvilínea. Lo interesante es que esto cambia el espacio interior y como se utiliza. Los espacios interiores ya no son las habitaciones de 4 paredes a las que estamos acostumbrados; ahora son dinámicos, incluso podemos encontrarnos frente a muros de cristal o que no haya ni siquiera muros, solo unos cuantos pilares. Las nuevas herramientas y métodos constructivos nos han permitido experimentar con formas que antes eran impensables o no les resultaba atractiva a antiguas generaciones.
Oscar Niemeyer: interior del museo contemporaneo Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro (1996)
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